À propos du protocole

Le  Protocole de Cartagena sur la prévention des risques biotechnologiques à la Convention sur la diversité biologique  est un traité international qui régit le mouvement d'un pays à l'autre des organismes vivants modifiés (OVM) issus des biotechnologies modernes. Il a été adopté le 29 janvier 2000 en tant qu'accord complémentaire à la Convention sur la diversité biologique et est entré en vigueur le 11 septembre 2003.

Divisions

• Introduction
• Histoire
• Le processus du CIPC
• Entrée en vigueur
• Chronologie du Protocole de Cartagena

Introduction

Le 29 janvier 2000, la Conférence des Parties à la Convention sur la diversité biologique a adopté un accord complémentaire à la Convention connu sous le nom de Protocole Carthagène sur la prévention des risques biotechnologiques. Le Protocole vise à protéger la diversité biologique des risques potentiels posés par les organismes vivants modifiés issus des biotechnologies modernes. Il établit une procédure d'accord préalable en connaissance de cause (APA) pour s'assurer que les pays reçoivent les informations nécessaires pour leur permettre de prendre des décisions éclairées avant d'accepter d'importer de tels organismes sur leur territoire. Le Protocole contient des références à une approche de précaution et réaffirme le langage de précaution inscrit dans le Principe 15 de la Déclaration de Rio sur l'environnement et le développement. Le Protocole établit également un centre d'échange pour la prévention des risques biotechnologiques afin de faciliter l'échange de

Histoire

In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 19 of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Conference of the Parties, in its decision II/5, established an Ad Hoc Open-ended Working Group on Biosafety to prepare a draft protocol on biodiversity, focusing specifically on the transboundary movements of any living modified organism resulting from modern biotechnologies which could have adverse effects on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.

The Ad Hoc Open-Ended Working Group on Biosafety met six times between July 1996 and February 1999. In its conclusion, the Working Group presented a draft text of the Protocol, together with the main concerns of the Parties, for consideration by the Conference of the Parties at its first extraordinary meeting, convened for the purpose of adopting a biosafety protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity.

In accordance with decision IV/3, the first extraordinary meeting of the Conference of the Parties was opened on 22 February 1999, in Cartagena, Colombia. The Convention Parties were unable to complete their work in the time available. Accordingly, by decision EM-I/1, the Conference of the Parties suspended its first extraordinary meeting and agreed that it would reconvene as soon as possible and, in any event, no later than the fifth meeting of the Conference of the Parties.

The resumed meeting was held in Montreal from January 24 to 29, 2000 and was preceded by informal regional and inter-regional consultations from January 20 to 23, 2000, at the same headquarters. On 29 January 2000, the Conference of the Parties, in its decision EM-I/3, adopted the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity and approved the interim agreements pending of its entry into force. It established an Ad Hoc Open-ended Intergovernmental Committee for the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CIPC) which will undertake the necessary preparations for the first meeting of the Parties to the Protocol.

The CPIC process

The Intergovernmental Committee of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (ICPC) was established by decision EM-I/3 adopting the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to ensure the necessary preparations for the first meeting of the Parties to the Protocol.

Following its establishment, the ICPC convened an organizational meeting on January 29, 2000, chaired by Ambassador Yang of Cameroon, and elected a bureau to oversee its activities. The elected officers were: Cameroon (Chair), Denmark, India, Islamic Republic of Iran, Peru, Poland, Saint Kitts and Nevis, South Africa, Switzerland and Ukraine. At the first ICPC meeting, Denmark was replaced by France. The first task of the Bureau was to define a work plan for the ICCP, which was submitted to the fifth meeting of the Conference of the Parties, which approved it in May 2000.

The CIPC met three times between 2000 and 2003. The first meeting (CIPC 1) was held from December 11 to 15, 2000 in Montpellier, France; the second meeting (CIPC 2) was held from 1 to 5 October 2001 in Nairobi, Kenya; and the third meeting (ICPC 3) was held from 22 to 26 April 2002 in The Hague, the Netherlands, in conjunction with the sixth meeting of the Conference of the Parties.

The ICPC Board has held more than 10 management meetings over its four-year period. The ICPC submitted its final report to the first meeting of the Parties to the Protocol, which was held February 23-27, 2004 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Coming into force

Le Protocole est entré en vigueur le 11 septembre 2003, quatre-vingt-dix jours après le dépôt du cinquantième instrument de ratification. Conformément au paragraphe 2 de l'article 29 du Protocole, la COP à la Convention siège en tant que réunion des Parties au Protocole (COP-MOP), l'organe directeur du Protocole. Un aperçu des activités de la COP-MOP est fourni sur la page des réunions de la COP-MOP.

Télécharger

Pour plus d'informations sur le protocole :

Télécharger le document : Le Protocole de Cartagena sur la biosécurité

  http://bch.cbd.int/protocol/background/